GLOSSARY
ROMANCE = humor, individual, emotional
當獨裁成為事實，革命就是義務
「當獨裁成為事實，革命就是義務」（英語：When dictatorship is a fact, revolution becomes a duty.）是源自於柏林自由大學哲學系教授帕斯卡·梅西耶的文學著作《里斯本夜車》以及同名電影作品所翻譯而成的字句，其中該作品主要是描述1974年於葡萄牙爆發的康乃馨革命[1]。而該字句的內容則是改編自法國浪漫主義作家維克多·雨果的名言[2]「當獨裁是一項事實，革命就成為一種權利[3]」（When dictatorship is a fact revolution becomes a right)
brat 頑童，小搗蛋；小傢伙
頑童，小搗蛋；小傢伙
Style
A writer’s style is a personal
choice dependent on
setting, plot, and characters.
My
One Hundred Adventures by Polly
Horvath
There are 44 words describe five sense.
All
summers take me back to the sea. There in the long eelgrass, like birds eggs
waiting to be hatched, my brothers and sister and I sit, grasses higher than
our heads, arms and legs like thicker versions of the grass waving in the wind,
looking up at the blue washed sky.
One
Crazy Summer by Rita
Williams-Garcia
There are 23 words describe fear.
Good
thing the plane had seat belts and we’d been strapped in tight before takeoff.
Without them, that last jolt would have been enough to throw Vonetta into orbit
and Fern across the aisle. Still, I anchored myself and my sisters as best I could to brace us
for whatever came next. Those clouds weren’t through with us yet and dealt
another Cassius Clay-left-and-a-right-jab to the body of our Boeing 727.
Devices of Style
•Connotation
•Connotation is the associative or
emotional meaning of a word.
•Charlotte’s Web by E. B. White
•Imagery
Charlotte’s Web by E. B. White
•Imagery is the appeal to any of
the senses; it helps create setting, establish a mood, or show a character.
•Figurative
Language
The
writer uses words in a nonliteral way, giving them an extra dimension of
meaning beyond their usual, everyday definitions.
- personification: Charlotte’s Web
- simile: as, like, than
- metaphor: sapphire sky
the celery green
carpet
•Hyperbole
We often stretch a comparison to
create hyperbole.
We often stretch a comparison to
create hyperbole.
“If
Wilbur is killed and his trough stands empty day after day, you’ll grow so thin
we
can look right through your stomach and see objects on the other side.”
•Understatement
•The reverse of exaggeration is
understatement, or playing down.
•Understatement can be a way of
avoiding sentimentality when writing of hard times.
Kira-Kira by Cynthia
Kadohata
•Allusion
Allusion is a reference to a past
event or piece of literature.
Allusion is a reference to a past
event or piece of literature.
•Symbol
A symbol is a person, object,
situation, or action that operates
on two levels of meaning: the
literal and the figurative or
suggestive.
A symbol is a person, object,
situation, or action that operates
on two levels of meaning: the
literal and the figurative or
suggestive.
•Puns
and Wordplay
An imaginative writer who enjoys
the pleasure of words is tempted
to echo words of other literary
works.
An imaginative writer who enjoys
the pleasure of words is tempted
to echo words of other literary
works.
“I
don’t think there is any such
thing as less than nothing.
Nothing is absolutely
the limit of
nothingness. It’s the lowest you
can go… If there were something
that was less
than nothing, then
nothing would not be nothing.”
•Devices
of Sound
Onomatopoeia
Words
that sound like their meanings
“swishing
and swooshing”
“gulping
and sucking”
Alliteration
Alliteration is repetition of initial
consonants.
“They
sang
the song of summer’s
ending.”
“broken
bottles…discarded
dishmops…
last month’s
agazines.”
Assonance
A
device that enhances meaning
by the repetition of similar vowel
sounds within a
phrase is called
assonance.
“a
sad, monotonous song”
Consonance
The
close repetition of consonant
sounds is called consonance.
“empty
tin
cans and dirty rags and bits
of metal and broken bottles”
Rhythm
Stories
that are read aloud to
children can make particularly
effective use of rhythm.
p220
Cadence – in prose Charlotte’s
Web- Zuckerman dump
Tone
•Tone in
literature tells us how the author feels about his or her subject and about the
audience to whom the literary work is directed.
•It is the writer’s attitude toward the story and its reader.
- Tone in Charlotte’s Web
- Tone
and Subject Matter
-
Parody
More Considerations about Style and Tone in Children’s Books
More Considerations about Style and Tone in Children’s Books
•Trite versus Fresh Style
•Condescension
•Sentimentality
•Sensationalism
•Didacticism
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